26^th World Nutrition Congress

Erika Cabello has a degree in Nutrition and Dietetics, a Master in Personalized and Community Nutrition, is currently studying her second year of Doctorate in Medicine at the University of Valencia with the line of research of Endocrinology and Nutrition, at the General University Hospital of Valencia, Spain.

Thyroid diseases represent, after diabetes mellitus type 2, the reason for endocrinological consultation most frequently attended by family doctors (1). According to a meta-analysis published by Garmendia et al, it is estimated that the average prevalence of thyroid disease in Europe is approximately 11% (2). The impact of thyroid dysfunction on body composition is not well known, such hormones play a crucial role in the control of energy homeostasis so they can influence body composition (3). Several authors state that in hypothyroid patients after achieving euthyroidism no significant changes in body composition are observed (4). In subsequent research, we talk about the decrease in body weight, fat-free mass, muscle mass, without significant changes in fat mass (5). In reviewed studies on hyperthyroidism and changes in body composition it is found that changes in body composition were not detected (6), unlike other authors who talk about the priority increase in lean mass before fat mass (7). ). Subsequent studies showed that upon reaching euthyroidism patients increased body weight, BMI, fat mass, and lean mass (5). The objective of this study is to evaluate changes in weight and body composition of recently diagnosed hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients and the change in them after reaching euthyroidism. Changes in body composition will be evaluated by bioimpedance, anthropometry, frequency of consumption questionnaire, 24-hour reminder, and IPAQ questionnaire. We studied 30 hyperthyroid patients, 30 hypothyroid, and 30 euthyroid. Intestinal peptide changes after reaching euthyroidism will be evaluated by analytical analysis. The purpose of this research is to find information about the changes in the parameters mentioned above in both hyperthyroid and hiportiroid patients, which is not yet clear, or there are not enough updated data of them.

Amina Bayazid is a Lecturer in the Department of Pharmacy at Djillali Liabes University. After completing her degree in pharmacy at Ahmed Ben Bella University, she has done specialization in Medical Hydro-Bromatology.Her research interests include: Nutritional epidemiology, knowledge assessment on the subject of Nutrition. Her current work focuses on the consumption of dietary supplements: Profile of consumers, Consumption patterns, Assessment of knowledge of the consumers, Risks of misuse, Side effects, regulatory framework etc. Moreover, she worked on Food Allergies and celiac disease. She has been an active member of the Algerian Society of Nutrition since 2013. She is also a Member in the Research laboratory in pharmaceutical development.

Introduction: Dietary supplements are widely well known in our societies and have a flourishing worldwide market. However, these products are not entirely harmless. Methodology: The peoples craze for dietary supplements and the absence of a specific regulatory framework for these molecules in Algeria were the motives for carrying out a cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire, among the last grade students in: pharmacy, medicine and dentistry, in the faculty of medicine of the Djillali Liabes University; in order to study their consumption of dietary supplements and to evaluate their knowledge about these products.Findings: Out of a total of 535 students solicited for this survey, 54.7% of them were consumers of dietary supplements. The results revealed that these young adults tended to consume different categories of dietary supplements, including: vitamins 56.8%, plants and their extracts 16.5% and minerals 8.6%, most often irregularly. The reasons for the consumption of these supplements were mainly: improving well-being 31.7%, filling deficits 30.3% or improving body appearance and performances 20.3%. It was also found that these dietary supplements were mostly dispensed in pharmacies through a prescription or on a medical advice (in nearly 60% of the cases). More than half of the students do not make a difference between dietary supplements and medicines and ignore their true definition. The majority of students surveyed ignore the risks associated with the misuse of these products (interactions with medications and contraindications). Nearly 16% of the students reported that they had side effects after taking dietary supplements (gastroenterological troubles 46.8% and allergies 29.8% etc). The Chi-Square Test demonstrated that there is no correlation between dietary supplement intake and the following factors: gender, physical activity, smoking status, healthy diet and health status. Conclusion: For a secure use of dietary supplements, awareness programs must be organized among consumers and public health actors in order to guarantee a high level of safety. A stricter regulatory framework should also be established.

Nawal Alsubaie is a Clinical pharmacist in Prince Sultan Medical Military City. He Has completed his Msc in clinical pharmacy from UCL and PhD from DMU. He worked as clinical pharmacist in diabetes clinic and was the Deputy of pharmaceutical services for the last years.

An excessive number of calories consumed daily, in addition to a sedentary lifestyle, are the main causes of increasing type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence worldwide (LEE, H.K. et al., 2010). Diabetes is usually accompanied by hypertension, lipid disorders and obesity. The aim of this study to show that combination exercise is effective. It will compare T2D and non-diabetes (ND) volunteers doing combination exercise consisting of resistance and cycling. The interventions are minor and fairly short consisting of 12 episodes of exercise over 6 weeks, yet this was enough to produce measurable change and improvement. This included the re-categorization of two T2D volunteers to being ND, using normal metrics. A literature search was conducted by using electronic databases (Science direct, google scholar, Medline, Embase, Sport medicine, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane library, and Scopus) from April 2015 until January 2019. Key words used are T2D, incretin and exercise. \r\nMethod: Each exercise session will consist of a combined exercise protocol of 30 min of resistance exercise followed by 20 min moderate cycling twice a week for 6 weeks. Volunteer should stretch-up for 11 steps of stretching, then the volunteer must cycle for five minutes to warm up. Blood samples collected at base line after S1, S2, S4, S6, S8, S10 and S12. Blood samples centrifuge and refrigerate to be analysed by The Evidence Investigator™ Biochip Array technology (Randox, UK) is a Multiplexing ELISA technology which described previously in section 3.10. It is also analysed by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with <0.01 cross reactivity with GLP-1 kit as explained in section 3.9.2. \r\n\r\nResults: After just six weeks, there was a reduction in the HbA1c level for the T2D volunteers which is significant (P= 0.000). Moreover, in ND the reduction was also significant (P= 0.000). In the T2D group who are using (Metformin and SGT2-I group), their result shows elevation in GLP-1 in the assessment of both acute and chronic effect of the programme. GLP-1 in this group was (3.9±1.5) and increased to (8.4±1.2), (P= 0.345) after S1 and then increased more to (11.0±0.8), (P=0.196) after 6 weeks of exercise. This was of interest because of the inference that incretins and exercise were linked. The crucial factor is the metformin. Leptin levels increased after 1st exercise session from 7.95±1.8 to 9.15±2.4 ng/ml (P=0.707), the observed increase could be a result of the acute effect of combination of exercise. This increases during the whole exercise sessions and then decreased after S12 to 7.25±1.81 ng/ml (P=0.522) (figure 67). Leptin resistance is also linked to insulin resistance and rheumatoid arthritis, from 1st exercise session to 10th exercise session its level stays slightly high which might be due to leptin resistance. (Yu et al., 2017). On the other hand, the present study showed that the level of leptin slightly decreased in session one from 8.24±3.3 to 7.01±2.4 ng/ml (P=0.536), then increased after 12th sessions to 7.21±3.2 ng/ml (P=0.693) in ND but still lower than the baseline. Recent randomised control study by Nuri et al, found that there was no significant effect of exercise on leptin level (Nuri et al., 2016)\r\nConclusion: In T2D and ND combination exercise has a beneficial effect on HbA1c, the improvement was higher in T2D. The anthropometric variables (weight, waist, BMI and lung capacity) improved significantly as well in T2D and ND. Exercise is also important to improve GLP-1 secretion. Despite the range of studies on incretin undertaken here, still there is a need to compare the effect of exercise and different types of pharmacological therapy on GLP1. This study compared the effect of exercise on T2D plus medication in volunteers. It has been found that within T2D group only Metformin and SGT2-I group was improved. Both SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin have been found to affect body weight and this may explain the improvement of GLP-1 level, suggesting an area for future investigation. The role of leptin in regulating energy balance has made it an important research variable and in the present study its level was observed where the levels decreased after acute effects, then decreased more after the last exercise sessions in T2D. Moreover, leptin decreased in ND after acute effect and the 12th exercise sessions.\r\n\r\n

Monica Dearos Sanchis is a graduate in human nutrition and dietetics at the University of Valencia (Spain). He has a master\'s degree in personalized nutrition and is currently doing his doctorate in the line of endocrinology and nutrition at the General Hospital of Valencia. He also works in a private clinic in the field of obesity.rnrn

Obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease that causes a chronic metabolic disorder and is characterized by excess body fat. In recent decades the prevalence of obesity has increased significantly, being a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and is associated with the presence of other comorbidities. For these reasons, optimizing the treatment of these patients is a priority. Among the different pharmacological solutions, liraglutide has shown its benefit in the treatment of obesity. rnOur objective is to analyze weight loss and change in body composition in patients with obesity (BMI> = 30) after 26 weeks of treatment with 3.0 mg of liraglutide daily.rnMethodology and Theoretical Orientation: A descriptive analysis was performed, including 20 patients with obesity. Weight loss and changes in body composition are analyzed after 26 weeks of treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg daily.rnResults: The weight loss analyzed in general was 8.61 kg (8.57% of initial weight) at 26 weeks (P <0.01). There is a loss of 6.06 kg of fat mass ((P <0.01) and a loss of 3.68 kg of fat-free mass (P <0.05), of which there is a loss of 1.65 kg in skeletal muscle mass (P <0.01).rnConclusion and Significance: On 26th week of liraglutide 3.0 mg treatment, there is a statistically significant weight and fat mass loss. On the other hand, there is also some fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass loss. Therefore, would be advisable to preserve these values.rnFinally, this study shows relevant results in order to optimize weight loss programs in obesity casesrnrnrn